Influence of the incorporation of triclosan methacrylate on the physical properties and antibacterial activity of resin composite

Abstract The incorporation of antimicrobials in the composites as an attempt to reduce bacterial adhesion without jeopardizing mechanical properties is a challenge for Dentistry. Objective: To evaluate the bacterial adhesion and physical properties of a composite containing the methacrylate triclosan- derivative monomer (TM). Methodology: TM was synthesized and added to an experimental composite. Samples were divided into two groups: Control and TM (13.4 wt%). Antibacterial Activity: Three specimens of each material were prepared and placed on bacterial suspensions of Streptococcus mutans for 1, 5 and 10 days. After these periods the counting of the colonies (log10) was performed. Assays was performed in triplicate. Physical Properties: Three-body Abrasion (TBA): Ten specimens of each material were prepared and stored at 37°C/24 h. The surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (KHN) were analyzed. Next, the specimens were submitted to abrasive wear (30,000 cycles) and re-evaluated for Ra and KHN; Sorption/solubility (SS): cylindrical specimens (n=10) were prepared and weighted. The specimens were immersed in deionized water for 7 days at 37°C and then their weight was verified again. SS were calculated using accepted formulas; Diametral tensile strength (DTS): specimens (n=10) underwent test performed in an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were submitted to appropriate statistical tests according to data distribution and assay (p<0.05). Results: Bacterial Adhesion: TM showed a significant reduction on biofilm accumulation in the evaluated periods: 1 day (1.537±0.146); 5 days (2.183±0.138) and 10 days (4.469±0.155) when compared with Control: 1 day (4.954±0.249); 5 days (5.498±0.257) and 10 days (6.306±0.287). Physical Properties: For TBA, SS and DTS no significant difference was found between groups Control and TM. The incorporation of methacrylate triclosan-based monomer in the experimental composite reduce bacterial adhesion of S. mutans and did not affect important polymer properties.

Antifungal activity of synthetic antiseptics and natural compounds against Candida dubliniensis before and after in vitro fluconazole exposure

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the susceptibilities of oral candidiasis-derived Candida albicans, fluconazole-resistant (FR) Candida dubliniensis, and fluconazole-susceptible (FS) C. dubliniensis to synthetic antiseptics [chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and triclosan (TRC)] and natural compounds (carvacrol, eugenol and thymol). METHODS: Susceptibility tests were performed based on the M27-A3 reference method. The fluconazole-resistant C. dubliniensis strains were obtained after prolonged in vitro exposure to increasing fluconazole concentrations. The geometric mean values for minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Fluconazole-susceptible C. dubliniensis was more sensitive to CPC and TRC than FR C. dubliniensis and C. albicans were. However, eugenol and thymol were more active against FR C. dubliniensis. The fungicidal activities of CHX and TRC were similar for the three groups, and FR C. dubliniensis and C. albicans had similar sensitivities to CPC. CONCLUSIONS: The resistance of C. dubliniensis to fluconazole affects its sensitivity the synthetic antiseptics and natural compounds that were tested.

Antiseptics and microcosm biofilm formation on titanium surfaces

Abstract Oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is a way to restore esthetics and masticatory function in edentulous patients, but bacterial colonization around the implants may lead to mucositis or peri-implantitis and consequent implant loss. Peri-implantitis is the main complication of oral rehabilitation with dental implants and, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the potential effects of antiseptics such as chlorhexidine (CHX), chloramine T (CHT), triclosan (TRI), and essential oils (EO) on bacterial adhesion and on biofilm formation. To assess the action of these substances, we used the microcosm technique, in which the oral environment and periodontal conditions are simulated in vitro on titanium discs with different surface treatments (smooth surface - SS, acid-etched smooth surface - AESS, sand-blasted surface - SBS, and sand-blasted and acid-etched surface - SBAES). Roughness measurements yielded the following results: SS: 0.47 µm, AESS: 0.43 µm, SB: 0.79 µm, and SBAES: 0.72 µm. There was statistical difference only between SBS and AESS. There was no statistical difference among antiseptic treatments. However, EO and CHT showed lower bacterial counts compared with the saline solution treatment (control group). Thus, the current gold standard (CHX) did not outperform CHT and EO, which were efficient in reducing the biofilm biomass compared with saline solution.

Antiseptic mouthwashes: in vitro antibacterial activity / Antissépticos bucais: atividade antibacteriana

Mouthwashes are used as an adjunct to tooth brushing for improving breath and preventing oral diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro Maximum Inhibitory Dilution (MID) of 3 mouthwashes with different active ingredients against mutans streptococci (MS). The products analyzed were Periogard, Cepacol and Plax Fresh Mint. Theirantibacterial activity was assessed in duplicate in 96-well microtiter plates against 36 clinical isolates of MS. Each mouthwash was submitted to a serial two-fold dilution (1/2.5 to 1/5120) using double concentration of Tryptose Soy Broth with 1.0% yeast extract. The final volume in each well was 100mL plus 5 mL of a bacterial suspension, equivalent to 107 CFU/mL. They were incubated microaerobically at 37ºC for48 hours and the MIDs determined. MID was 1/320 forPeriogard and Cepacol, and 1/20 for Plax. Statisticalanalysis revealed that the MID of Periogard MID did not differ from that of Cepacol (p>0.05), and was higher than that of Plax (p<0.05). In conclusion, the antiseptic mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine (Periogard) and cetylpyridinium chloride (Cepacol) had higher in vitroantibacterial activity(MID) against MS than the antiseptic mouthwash containing triclosan (Plax), according to microbiological method employed.

Os antissépticos bucais são utilizados mundialmente como adjuvantes da escovação para melhoria do hálito e prevenção de doenças bucais infeciosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar in vitro a Diluição Inibitória Máxima (DIM) de 3 antissépticos bucais com diferentes princípios ativos contra estreptococos do grupo mutans (EGM). Os produtos analisados foram Periogard, Cepacol e Plax FreshMint. A atividade antibacteriana foi avaliada em duplicata em placasde microtilulação de 96 poços contra 36 isolados clínicos de EGM. Cada antisséptico bucal foi submetido a diluição dupla seriada (1/2,5 a 1/5120) com o emprego de concentração dupla de TryptoseSoyBrothwith adicionado de 1,0% de extrato de levedura. O volume final em cada poço foi de 100 mL mais 5mL da suspensão bacteriana equivalente a 10 UFC/mL. A incubação foi realizada em microaerofilia a 37ºC por 48 horas e a DIM deteminada. Periogard e Cepacol apresentaram DIM de 1/320, e Plax de 1/20. Os resultados submetidos asanálises estatísticas revelaram que a DIM do Periogard não foi diferente do Cepacol(p>0,05) sendo maior que do Plax (p<0,05). Em conclusão, os antissépticos bucais contendo clorexidina (Periogard) e cloreto de cetilpiridínio (Cepacol) demonstraram maior atividade antibacteriana in vitro (DIM)contra os EGM do que o antisséptico bucal contendo triclosan (Plax) de acordo com o método microbiológico utilizado.

Antimicrobial Activity of Toothpastes Containing Natural Extracts, Chlorhexidine or Triclosan

Abstract: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing natural extracts, chlorhexidine or triclosan. The effectiveness of toothpastes containing natural extracts (Parodontax(r)), 0.12% chlorhexidine (Cariax(r)), 0.3% triclosan (Sanogil(r)) or fluoride (Sorriso(r), control) was evaluated against yeasts, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Water was used as a control. Disks impregnated with the toothpastes were placed in Petri dishes containing culture media inoculated with 23 indicative microorganisms by the pour plate method. After incubation, the inhibition growth halos were measured and statistical analyses (α=0.05) were performed. The results indicated that all formulations, except for conventional toothpaste (Sorriso(r)), showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. The toothpaste containing natural extracts (Parodontax(r)) was the only product able to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The toothpastes containing chlorhexidine, triclosan or natural extracts presented antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano de dentifrícios contendo extratos naturais, clorexidina ou triclosan. A efetividade dos dentifrícios contendo extratos naturais (Parodontax(r)), 0,12% de clorexidina (Cariax(r)), 0,3% de triclosan (Sanogil(r)) ou flúor (Sorriso(r), controle) foi avaliada contra leveduras, bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas utilizando o método de difusão em disco. A água foi utilizada como um controle. Discos impregnados com os dentifrícios foram colocados em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura inoculados com 23 microrganismos indicadores pelo método "pour plate". Após a incubação, os halos de inibição do crescimento foram medidos e as análises estatísticas (=0,05) foram realizadas. Os resultados indicaram que todas as formulações, com exceção do dentifrício convencional (Sorriso(r)), apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias Gram-positivas e leveduras. O dentifrício contendo extratos naturais (Parodontax(r)) foi o único produto capaz de inibir o crescimento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Os dentifrícios contendo clorexidina, triclosan ou extratos naturais apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias Gram-positivas e leveduras.

In-vitro antimycoplasmal activity of triclosan in combination with fluoroquinolones against five mycoplasma species

Mycoplasmosis caused by mycoplasma has immensely reduced the performance of commercial animal husbandry, along with prevalence and increase of drug resistance in mycoplasma, thus new agents and therapies are urgently needed. Triclosan is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with a favorable safety profile. In the present study, we tested the antimycoplasmal activity of triclosan alone, as well as the in-vitro interaction of triclosan and the fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin [GAT], moxifloxacin [MXF], levofloxacin [LVX], sparfloxacin [SPX], ciprofloxacin [CIP], enrofloxacin [EFX], and norfloxacin [NOR], against five mycoplasma species. This study demonstrated that triclosan had antimycoplasmal activity against both fluoroquinolones-sensitive species and a fluoroquinolones-resistant species isolated from clinic, with minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] of 16.0-64.0 micro g/mL and 64.0 micro g/ mL, respectively. A synergistic antimycoplasmal effect between triclosan and GAT, MFX or EFX against the five mycoplasma species was observed, with modulation factors [MFs] of 4-8, 4-16, 8-32, respectively, and fractional inhibitory concentration indexes [FICIs] of 0.375- 0.500, 0.350-0.500, 0.281-0.375, respectively. The combination of triclosan with LVX, SPX, CIP or NOR displayed either synergistic activity or indifference against the same mycoplasma species with MFs of 2-64, 4-16, 2-16, 2-64, respectively, while FICI values range from 0.516- 0.750, 0.500-0.625, 0.306-0.750, and 0.615-0.750, respectively. No antagonism was observed for any drug combination against any of the species tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that triclosan has synergistic activity with fluoroquinolones against mycoplasma species

Saliva and tongue coating pH before and after use of mouthwashes and relationship with parameters of halitosis

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to evaluate saliva and tongue coating pH in oral healthy patients with morning bad breath before and after use of different oral mouthrinses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Saliva and tongue coating pH of 50 patients allocated in 5 groups were measured respectively by a digital pHmeter and color pH indicators, before, immediately after and 30 min after rinsing 5 different mouthrinses: cetilpiridine chloride associated with sodium chloride, triclosan, enzymatic solution, essential oil and distilled water. RESULTS: Only triclosan and essential oil increased salivary pH immediately after rising. The enzymatic solution decreased salivary and tongue coating pH immediately after rinsing. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary pH tended to be acidic while tongue coating pH tended to be alkaline, even after rising. Triclosan and essential oil mouthrinses increased salivary pH immediately after rinsing. Enzymatic solution decreased saliva and tongue coating pH immediately after rising.

Prevalence of mutans streptococci isolated from complete dentures and their susceptibility to mouthrinses

The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of mutans streptococci (MS - sessile form) on complete maxillary dentures after use of a specific denture paste, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of 3 oral mouthrinses: Cepacol, Plax and Periogard. Seventy-seven complete denture wearers were randomly assigned into 2 groups, according to the product used for denture cleaning: Control group - conventional dentifrice (Kolynos-Super White); and Test group: experimental denture cleaning paste. Denture biofilm was collected at baseline and after 90 and 180 days after treatment by brushing the dentures with saline solution. After decimal serial dilution, samples were seeded onto agar sucrose bacitracin to count colonies with morphological characteristics of MS. MS identification was performed by the sugar fermentation tests. After this procedure, brain heart infusion broth (BHI) was added to oral mouthrinses (Plax, Cepacol e Periogard) and seeded on Petri dishes. The colonies were seeded using the Steers multiplier and, after the incubation, the MIC and MID of the mouthrinses were calculated. The results showed an incidence of 74.0 percent (n=57) of MS in the 77 complete dentures examined in the study, being 76.3 percent (n=29) of the Control group (conventional dentifrice) and 71.8 percent (28) of the Test group (experimental denture cleaning paste). In both groups, the number of positive cases for MS decreased from day 0 to day 180. In the Test group there was a slight decrease in the incidence of Streptococcus mutans 90 days after use of the experimental denture cleaning paste, which was not observed in the Control group. As regards to mouthrinses, for both groups, Periogard showed antimicrobial action with the highest dilution, followed by Cepacol and Plax. In conclusion, the incidence of MS in complete dentures was high and Periogard was the mouthrinse with the strongest antimicrobial action against MS. The experimental denture cleaning paste showed a slight action against S. mutans after 90 days of treatment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incidência de estreptococos do grupo mutans (forma séssil) de próteses totais superiores após o uso de uma pasta específica para higienização de próteses totais, bem como determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e diluição inibitória máxima (DIM) de 3 enxaguatórios bucais: Cepacol, Plax e Periogard. Setenta e sete usuários de próteses totais foram distribuídos em 2 grupos: (A) grupo Controle: dentifrício convencional (Kolynos Super Branco) e (B) grupo Teste: pasta experimental para higiene de próteses (1). O biofilme das próteses foi coletado no início e após 90 e 180 dias dos tratamentos, por meio de escovação das próteses com solução salina. Após a diluição decimal seriada, as amostras foram semeadas em agar sacarose bacitracina para a contagem de colônias características de estreptococos do grupo mutans. A identificação dos estreptococos do grupo mutans foi realizada por meio de testes de fermentação de açúcares. Após este procedimento, o caldo de infusão de cérebro e coração (BHI) foi adicionado aos antissépticos (Plax, Cepacol e Periogard) e semeado em placas de Petri. As colônias foram semeadas usando o mutiplicador de Steers e após a incubação, a concentração inibitória mínima e a concentração inibitória máxima dos enxaguatórios foram calculadas. Os resultados mostraram que a incidência de estreptococos do grupo mutans nas 77 próteses totais examinadas foi de 74,0 por cento (n=57), sendo 76,3 por cento (n=29) do grupo Controle (pasta convencional) e 71,8 por cento (n=28) do grupo Teste (pasta experimental). Em ambos os grupos, o número de casos positivos para estreptococos do grupo mutans diminuiu, do início (0 dias) para 180 dias. Houve uma pequena diminuição da incidência de Streptococcus mutans após 90 dias do uso da pasta experimental, o que não foi observado no grupo controle. Com relação aos enxaguatórios, para ambos os grupos, o Periogard apresentou atividade antimicrobiana com diluições maiores, seguido do Cepacol e Plax. Pôde-se concluir que a incidência de estreptococos do grupo mutans em próteses totais foi elevada e que o Periogard foi o enxaguatório com melhor ação antimicrobiana contra os estreptococos do grupo mutans. A pasta experimental mostrou uma pequena ação contra S. mutans após 90 dias de tratamento.

Evaluation of suitable solvents for testing the anti-proliferative activity of triclosan - a hydrophobic drug in cell culture.

Triclosan, a broad spectrum antibiotic is currently being evaluated for its anti-cancer property. Though several solvents are available to dissolve lipophilic (hydrophobic) drugs, solubility and toxicity aspects pose a challenge, when combined with the cell culture medium. In this paper, we present a simple approach based on physico-chemical and biologic criteria to choose a suitable solubilizing agent to study the anti-proliferative property of triclosan in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Triclosan was dissolved in five different solvents viz. DMSO, absolute ethanol, 1 N NaOH, 55% polyethylene glycol + 45% ethanol mixture (PEM) and acetone and diluted with the culture medium (1 mg/ml). Although triclosan dissolved completely in all five solvents, on dilution with culture medium, turbidity was observed in DMSO, 1 N NaOH and ethanol. Cell viability was 95.23% in 10 ml of acetone, when compared with 49.45% at the same volume of PEM. This non-toxic nature of acetone was supported by DNA fragmentation analysis and phase contrast microscopy. A significant decrease in cancer cell proliferation at 100 mg/ml of acetone-solubilized triclosan, compared with 100 mg/ml of PEM-solubilized triclosan (p<0.05) indicated stronger anti-proliferative effect and greater drug-sensitivity of triclosan when solubilized in acetone. Results showed that acetone-solubilized triclosan was suitable for anti-cancer investigations in cultured MCF-7 cells.

Eficacia del cloruro de cetilpiridinio y el triclosan como antiséptico de la cavidad bucal / Efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride and triclosan as an antiseptic in the oral cavity

Tanto el cloruro de cetilpiridinio como el triclosan, se encuentran presentes en gran cantidad de formulaciones usadas en la higiene bucal por sus propiedades antisépticas, específicamente en los líquidos enjuagatorios o enjuagues bucales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia del cloruro de cetilpiridinio (colgate plax Overnight®) y el triclosán (colgate plax menta®) como antisépticos en la cavidad bucal. Se tomaron muestras mediante hisopado de la cavidad oral de 10 jóvenes antes y después de la utilización de ambos productos siguiendo las instrucciones de uso. Las muestras fueron leídas a la 1 hora, Se transportaron en medio de Stuart hasta la lectura microbiológica previo cultivo bacteriológico. Los recuentos microbiológicos se enfocaron a los grupos bacterianos aerobios y anaerobios. Como resultado de este estudio, se determinó que tanto el cloruro de cetilpiridinio y el triclosán presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre los grupos bacterianos aerobios y anaerobios, presentando eficacia; así como fue significativamente distinto el recuento bacteriano antes y después del uso de los productos.

Curcumin-induced histone acetylation in malignant hematologic cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin on proliferation of hematological malignant cells in vitro and the anti-tumor mechanism at histone acetylation/histone deacetylation levels. The effects of curcumin and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on the growth of Raji cells were tested by MTT assay. The expression of acetylated histone-3 (H(3)) in Raji, HL60 and K562 cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with curcumin or TSA was detected by immunohistochemistry and FACS. The results showed curcumin inhibited proliferation of Raji cells significantly in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, while exhibited low toxicity in PBMCs. Curcumin induced up-regulation of the expression of acetylated H(3) dose-dependently in all malignant cell lines tested. In conclusion, curcumin inhibited proliferation of Raji cells selectively, enhanced the level of acetylated (H(3)) in Raji, HL60, and K562 cells, which acted as a histone deacetylase inhibitor like TSA. Furthermore, up-regulation of H(3) acetylation may play an important role in regulating the proliferation of Raji cells.

In vitro antimicrobial efficiency of a mouthwash containing triclosan/gantrez and sodium bicarbonate

Several antiseptic substances have been used as adjuncts to routine mechanical procedures of oral hygiene, based on their antimicrobial effects. The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the antimicrobial efficiency of a mouthwash containing Triclosan/Gantrez and sodium bicarbonate in comparison to both positive and negative controls. Standard strain samples of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces viscosus and Bacillus subtilis were used. Samples of Streptococcus mutans and Gram-negative bacilli were collected from 20 volunteers (10 with a clinically healthy periodontium and 10 presenting biofilm-associated gingivitis). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was performed by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results indicated that the test solution inhibited the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms from the volunteers’ saliva as well as that of the standard strains at the MIC dilution of 1:20, whereas the MIC dilution of 0.12 percent chlorhexidine against the same bacteria was 1:80. Thus, even though the tested mouthrinse solution presented an in-vitro antimicrobial activity superior to that of a placebo, it was inferior to that of chlorhexidine.

Diversas substâncias antisépticas têm sido utilizadas como adjuntos aos procedimentos mecânicos rotineiros de higiene oral, com base em seus efeitos antimicrobianos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a eficiência antimicrobiana de um enxaguatório bucal contendo Triclosan/Gantrez e bicarbonato de sódio, em comparação a controles positivos e negativos. Linhagens padrão de Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces viscosus e Bacillus subtilis foram utilizadas. Amostras de Streptococcus mutans e Bacilos Gram-negativos foram coletadas de 20 voluntários (10 com um periodonto clinicamente saudável e 10 com gengivite associada à presença de biofilme). A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pela determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM). Os resultados mostraram que a solução teste inibiu o crescimento de microrganismos Gram-negativos e Gram-positivos da saliva dos voluntários, bem como das linhagens padrão na CIM de 1:20, enquanto que a CIM da diluição de clorexidina 0.12 por cento contra as mesmas bactérias foi de 1:80. Desta forma, apesar de o enxaguatório bucal testado apresentar atividade antimicrobiana in vitro superior à do placebo, esta foi inferior à da Clorexidina.

Antifungal activity of three mouth rinses--in vitro study.

Mouthrinses are nowadays routinely included in the home care oral hygiene maintenance besides dentifrice/tooth paste. Mouthrinses prevent bacterial attachment and prevent or slow down bacterial proliferation. Fungal organisms have now gained more importance due to increased incidence of AIDS/HIV. This has necessitated for mouthrinses to possess antifungal activity also. The mouthrinses used were Povidone iodine ( Wokadine), Thymol with Eucalyptol and Benzoic acid (Listerine) and fluoride with Triclosan (Colgate Plax), which were tested against oral isolates of different species of Candida. The agar diffusion test was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the mouthrinses and all of them exhibited antifungal activity especially against Candida albicans.

Desenvolvimento de uma formulaçäo de sabonete anti-séptico à base de triclosan / Development of a liquid antiseptic soap formulation containing triclosan

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de uma formulação para sabonete anti-séptico líquido, estável, de aspecto cosmético, não agressivo à pele, de custo compatível e adequado para fabricação em escala semi-industrial, em farmácias hospitalares. Para tanto, selecionou-se uma formulação base, a partir da qual foram realizados os ensaios para a obtenção da formulação mais adequada. Dois produtos similares do mercado foram comparados ao produto em estudo através de testes físicos, fisico-químicos e microbiológicos. Elaborou-se, ainda, um protocolo para teste de uso do produto, avaliando-se sua aceitabilidade pelos usuários

A eficácia da formulaçäo contendo o anti-séptico triclosan associado ao copolímero gantrez e ao flúor, utilizada através de bochechos para controle químico da placa bacteriana dentária / The efficacy of formulation containing the antiseptic triclosan associated with the copolymer gantrez and fluoride used to make mouthrinses in order to get a chemical control of the dental plaque

A ciência busca incansavelmente meios que facilitem o controle da placa. A forma mais eficaz de controle é exercida pela açäo mecânica da escova e do fio dentário, mas a tarefa de remover a placa mecanicamente näo é facíl. Em funçäo das dificuldades inerentes, resolvemos estudar através de uma revista da literatura, o efeito sinérgico na higiene bucal, dos bochechos com uma soluçäo contendo o anti-séptico triclosan assocido ao copolímero Gantrez (metoxietileno e ácido maleico) e ao flúor

Determinaçäo do consumo de glocose "in vitro" pelos microorganismos presentes na saliva total de humanos. I - Açäo do cloreto de cetilpiridínio e do triclosan/gantrez / Determination of the consumptionof glicose \"in vitro\" by microorganisms present in the total salive of human. I - Action of cetyl-pyridinium chloride and triclosan/gantrez

A via glicolítica é um caminho metabólico utilizado pelas células em geral, e particularmente pelos microorganismos, visando a obtençäo de energia. A cárie dentária e a doença periodontal estäo diretamente relacionadas à placa bacteriana. Tanto a placa recente quanto a placa näo perturbada têm na glicose o substrato necessário às atividades metabólicas, cuja patogenicidade é caracterizada pela intensidade de ácidos resultantes da utilizaçäo deste substrato. O íon fluoreto e os antissépticos cloreto de cetilpiridinio e triclosan / gantrez apresentam, isoladamente ou de forma associada, propriedades inibidoras dos microorganismos. O presente estudo realizado "in vitro" demonstra a açäo destes produtos farmacológicos sobre o consumo de glicose pelos microorganismos presentes na saliva total de humanos. Foram testadas soluçöes de fluoreto de sódio - 226ppm. de cloreto de cetilpiridinio monohidratado a 0,05 porcento e das associaçöes de cloreto de cetilpiridinio monohidratado a 0,05 porcento / fluoreto de sódio - 228 ppm e de triclosan a 0,03 porcento, gantrez a 0,15 porcento e fluoreto de sódio - 225ppm. Os resultados experimentais expressam, através do consumo de glicose pelos microorganismos presentes na saliva total, inibiçäo estatisticamente significante, causada por estas substâncias medicamentosas a partir de 180 minutos após o contato entre estes fármacos e a mistura saliva total / glicose. Näo se observou diferentes eficácias significantes entre estes fármacos no processo de inibiçäo do consumo da glicose pelos microorganismos (Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA seguido pelo Mann Whitney). Esta atividade inibidora, atribuída ao fluoreto de sódio, ao cloreto de cetilpiridinio e às associaçöes de cloreto de cetilpiridinio monohidratado / fluoreto de sódio e de triclosan / gantrez / fluoreto de sódio, contribui sobremaneira na prevençäo da cárie dentária e da doença periodontal

Avaliaçäo clínica de uma linha de produtos indicados para controle da acne em adolescentes / Clinical evaluation of a line of products indicated for juvenile acne control

A alta prevalência das formas iniciais da acne juvenil e a grave evoluçäo que delas pode ocorrer, impöem a necessidade de controlá-las, de forma prática e efetiva. OBJETIVO. Comprovar a efetividade de uma linha de produto de uso popular, à base de triclosan e ácido salicílico (Sistema Clean & Clear - Johnson & Johnson), no controle da acne juvenil. MÉTODO - Em um ensaio clínico randomizado, setenta voluntários, de idades entre 12 e 17 anos, portadores de formas iniciais de acne, foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos: dois de vinte e um de trinta indivíduos. A cada grupo foi entregue um kit, composto de um detergente facial (em espuma ou barra), uma loçäo tônica e uma loçäo hidratante; o grupo 3 utilizou, também, um gel secativo. O período de tratamento, em cada grupo, foi de trinta dias. Na primeira fase do estudo, os grupos 1 e 2 foram tratados por trinta dias, enquanto o 3 foi controle e iniciou o tratamento trinta dias após. As lesöes acneias foram quantificadas antes e após o tratamento, e as seborréia facial classificada em nula, moderada ou intensa. RESULTADOS - Foram considerados apenas os casos em que a aderência foi igual ou maior que 50 por cento. A seborréa facial foi abolida em 45,95 por cento dos casos e em 4 por cento dos controles. As lesöes näo-inflamatórias foram, significativamente, reduzidas (p<0,05) nos casos, em comparaçäo aos controles e pré e pós-tratamento. Quanto às les 8es inflamatórias, observou-se diminuiçäo na soma dos três grupo tratados, quando comparados ao estado basal, porém esse comportamento näo diferiu dos controles. CONCLUSAO - Tratando-se de um estudo de efetividade, conclui-se que essa linha de produtos mostrou-se efetiva para o controle da seborréia e das lesöes näo-inflamatórias da acne em adolescentes